What's the ultimate limit at which we can predict day-to-day weather in the future," said Fuqing Zhang, distinguished professor of meteorology and atmospheric science.

Harnessing the power of artificial intelligence

The North Atlantic warming hole (NAWH). "It's called a hole because there is a lack of warming," said Melissa Gervais, assistant professor of meteorology and atmospheric science, Penn State

Dr. Michael Mann is recognized among the top 20.

Last month, as much of the United States shivered in arctic cold, weather models predicted a seemingly implausible surge of balmy, springlike warmth. A week later, that unlikely forecast came true.